MEP Tools - Basic of Plumbing Systems

Basic of Plumbing Systems

Plumbing systems are all about water. They make sure clean water comes into a building and waste water goes out.

Plumbing follows the basic laws of nature — gravity, pressure and water seeking its own level.

• Water Supply: This is the system that brings in fresh water. It's used for drinking, cooking, washing - all the things we need clean water for.
• Drain-Waste-Vent (DWV) System: This system takes care of the dirty work. It removes wastewater and waste from the building. It also ensures unpleasant sewer gases are sent outside, not inside.
• Fixture Traps: These are shaped like a "U" and have a critical job. They hold a little water which forms a barrier that stops sewer gases from coming back into the building.

How does hot and cold water move throughout a building?

Step 1: Water Supply

Buildings receive their water supply from a municipal water line or a well. This water is generally cold. When it enters the building, it's directed to two different systems - one for cold water, and one for hot. The cold water is ready to be distributed immediately to sinks, toilets, and outdoor faucets.

Step 2: Heating the Water

For the hot water supply, the cold water first needs to be heated. It's directed to a water heater or boiler that can be powered by electricity, gas, or even solar power. The heater warms up the water to a set temperature and then sends it to the hot water lines.

Step 3: Distribution

Both hot and cold water lines run throughout the building, typically within the walls, floors, or ceilings. They branch off to provide water to individual fixtures like sinks, showers, and washing machines.

When a hot or cold water tap is turned on, water pressure pushes the water out of the faucet, ready for use. The temperature can be adjusted at the tap by mixing hot and cold water as required.

It's important to note that the hot water lines are insulated to keep the water hot and to save energy. Also, to ensure a continuous supply of hot water, the water heater maintains the water temperature even when no hot water is being used.

The entire process is a simple but clever use of pressure and gravity to move water around the building.